THE SUITABILITY OF ANIMAL BONE ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION

Abstract

Nowadays, several waste materials have been in use as a substitute for one or more concrete constituent materials. The approach was used to minimize the waste which causes degradation and other related environmental problems as well as provides an alternate means of optimizing the usage of naturally conventional building materials. These conventional materials are scarce and at the same time costlier especially the cement which served as the binding agent in most construction projects. Therefore, the current study presents the effect of animal bone ash as a partial replacement of cement in concrete production. Physical analysis of the animal bone ashes and aggregates used were conducted to determine their suitability in the concrete. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was implemented and a percentage replacement level of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 of cement by animal bone ash was used with a water-cement ratio of 0.6. Standard cubes of 150150150mm were used for casting the concrete, the sample specimen was cured and crushed at 28 days to determine their compressive strength. Workability test on the mixes showed that its slump increases as the cement replacement percentage increased. The compressive strength test revealed that the optimum replacement level of cement is 5%. Besides, the research works recommend the suitability of implementing the animal bone ash for the determination of the shrinkage and absorption capacity of concrete due to temperature and load variation made with different bone ash proportion.

 

KEYWORDS: Animal Bone Ash, Concrete, Replacement, Compressive Strength, Construction, Cement, Aggregates